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Also known as the Occaneechi Path, the Great Trading Path emerged from a network of minor footpaths through the rolling hills of North Carolina’s Piedmont region. It functioned as an ancient highway, serving as a significant site for trade, cultural exchange, and human burials for those who passed away during their journeys across the Southeast.
Recognizing its historical importance, the Great Trading Path has been chosen for the World Monuments Fund’s 2025 Watch List, a prestigious acknowledgment that emphasizes the need for cultural heritage preservation and supports the communities working to protect these endangered sites from destruction and erasure.

Surviving segments of the Occaneechi Path remain sacred sites to the Occaneechi community, yet recent industrial and commercial development — like Bu-cee’s mega gas station in Mebane, NC — threatens further erosion of this land’s cultural heritage preservation and ecological integrity while obstructing access to our ancestral landscape.
Insufficient recognition of the Path’s significance and the Occaneechi community’s marginalization in local and state decision-making processes compound these challenges.
*Photos by Roderico Y. Díaz, Iximché Media

Indigenous community members have been campaigning for the City of Mebane to take meaningful steps towards formally consulting with us in land-use and city planning. This includes recognizing our historical and cultural contributions and prioritizing cultural heritage preservation, particularly concerning the significance of the Occaneechi Path.
Texas-based gas station chain Buc-ee’s is aggressively pursuing plans to build 120-pump, 64,000 sq. ft. gas stations across the country, with North Carolina being their latest target.
After a year-long struggle, community members successfully removed Buc-ee’s from Orange County in 2021. The developers then moved across the county line into Alamance, proposing to pave over 32.5 acres of the historic Occaneechi Path in Mebane, NC, an area significant for its cultural heritage preservation.
Despite widespread public opposition, concerns raised by Occaneechi Saponi tribal citizens, and warnings from health experts, the Mebane City Council approved the project.
December 2023 Mebane Planning Board, tasked with advising the city on development projects, votes against the Buc-ee’s proposal. Over a thousand community members write to the Mebane City Council asking them to block the project.
January 2024 Mebane City Council votes unanimously to approve the Buc-ee’s gas station, dismissing widespread opposition to the project and alarming data by health and environmental justice experts.
Studies show that emissions from just 200 running vehicles can create harmful conditions for breathing. Buc-ee’s, attracting an estimated 25,000 daily visitors, will turn into an air pollution hot-spot. This location, situated along the historic Occaneechi Path, is surrounded by multiple schools, a church, and low-income neighborhoods, which are already struggling with heavy air pollution from semi-truck emissions and Stericycle, a medical waste incinerator.
Furthermore, just 10 gallons of petroleum has the potential to contaminate up to 12 million gallons of water. Buc-ee’s plans to store hundreds of thousands of gallons of petroleum and hazardous chemicals underground, posing a risk of these contaminants leaching into the soil, drinking water sources, and the fragile Back Creek of the Haw River Watershed, jeopardizing efforts in cultural heritage preservation.
The entirety of the great Occaneechi Trading Path, which ran from Virginia to Alabama, is now threatened by Buc-ee’s, particularly a significant section located in Mebane, NC. The Occaneechi Path was much more than a mere trade route for Southeastern Native American communities; it played a vital role in cultural heritage preservation by facilitating the sharing of language, stories, technology, and culture. This historic path connected various villages with hunting grounds and ceremonial sites, including burial mounds. Travelers along the Occaneechi Path would often set up camp on elevated grounds and near waterways, and those who passed away during their journey would have been honored with burials at those sites.
In 2017, a Texas court ruled Buc-ee’s repayment provisions in its employment agreements were illegal, likening them to “indentured servitude.” Hundreds of employee ratings on popular job websites like Indeed and Glassdoor rank the chain lower than most major corporations, even worse than Amazon. As local shops struggle to keep the lights on in our corporate-driven, globalized economy, the impact of Buc-ee’s inescapable billboards and cheap trinkets draws visitors away from downtown. This is particularly concerning for cultural heritage preservation along the Occaneechi Path, as one elder put it: “when tourists are shopping at Buc-ee’s, they’re not shopping in Mebane.”
An economy tied to fossil fuels is unpredictable and makes us vulnerable to foreign supply chain disruptions and conflicts. Renewable sources like solar and wind are more reliable and cheaper, and transitioning to them will help us avoid the worst of the climate crisis. Protecting our cultural heritage preservation efforts, like those along the Occaneechi Path, can further enrich our communities during this transition.
By proliferating their giant gas stations across the country full of Buc-ee’s-branded junk, Buc-ee’s is a dagger in our local economies and our momentum to transition to cheaper, renewable energy options.
Investing in locally-driven renewable energy is the way to achieve energy independence and to counteract the extreme weather conditions caused by the climate crisis.
Check out this mashup of powerful statements addressing cultural heritage preservation against Buc-ee's during the Mebane City Council meeting in Jan 2024. After more than 9 hours of discussion, the Council voted unanimously to approve the project, which also acknowledged the significance of the Occaneechi Path.